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Factors Responsible and Implications of Substance Abuse among Youth in Southwest Nigeria
(Department of Sociology, Plateau State University, Bokkos, Nigeria., 2020-11) Abdullahi Kayode Ibrahim
Substance use and abuse is a growing problem in both developing and developed countries. The increase in psychoactive substances use and misuse is a global challenge and of grave public health concern. Nigeria is currently witnessing an alarming increase in the rate of substance use and abuse among the youths and emerging adults. The youth who are expected to constitute or dominate the Nigerian labour force are languishing in substance abuse and other social vices. The implications of the menace undoubtedly constitute great threat to the entire society. Part of the reasonsyouth engages in substance abuse in Nigeria includes issuessuch acuriosity, peer pressure, enhance performance, boost self-esteem, cope with unpleasant emotions, frustration, and get high syndrome. Youth are dying morally, socially, psychologically and physically.It has become worrisome that despite the known risks associated with the drugs, adolescents continue using these drugs.It is against this backdrop that this paper explores the factors influencing youth involvement in substance abuse in Southwest Nigeria. The study adopts Differential association theory and the paper revealed that peer influence, urbanization, unemployment and the media catalyzes the preponderance of substance abuse among Nigerian youth. The study recommends that government should sensitize the Nigerian populace particularly the youth on the danger inherent in substance abuse; relevant agencies must be empowered to control the menaceand strict legislation should be made prohibiting psychoactive substance in Nigeria.
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Dynamics of Police Extortion on the Nigerian Highways
(Department of Sociology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria., 2018-03) Ibrahim A. K,; Isiaka M,; Salihu H. A,; Balogun O. S,; Akangbe T. S
The Nigeria Police as an agent of social control provide social services to the general public and enforces law and ordet. The Nigeria Police occupy various locations especially on the highways where the officers check vehicles and drivers in relation to their duty of prevention and detection of crime. They offen deviate from their constitutional functions by collecting bribes from the motorists especially on the highways with impunity and pretentiousness. Thus, rather than aiding security and the apprehension of criminals on the highways, police checkpoints in Nigeria have become an avenues for unnecessary delay of motorists and commuters in the quest by the police officers to extort money from them, even as criminals make the best of such scenarios to pay the necessary toll and evade apprebension. It has become worrisome that a very arm of the government that supposed to enforce the law is the same breaking it it is against this backdrop that this paper explores the factors influencing the exchange of bribery between police and commercial drivers. The study adopts social exchange and rational choice theories and the paper revealed that many commercial drivers were short-changed, intimidated, delayed and extorted and thus recommended that Nigeria police deserves an improved working condition cultural reorientation and other personnel practices to reduce highway extortion
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Constitutional Perspective of Trial of Judges within the Context of Judicial Independence in Nigeria.
(Department of Research, Publications and Innovations Islamic University, Uganda., 2020) Abdulazeez, H. O, Muritala-Abdulrasheed, B. B, Adetutu D.A, Mahmoud, R. F. & Wuraola, O. T
The judiciary as represented by courts in Nigeria occupies a pre-eminent position in the scheme of governance, especially in any constitutional democracy. Judiciary within the context of doctrine of separation of power is one of the arms of Government and enjoys independence against any interference in the conduct of its constitutional mandate by the other organs. Though without prejudice to the principle of separation of powers and the concomitant independence of the arms of Government, (the executive, the legislative and Judicial arms), there exist inherent powers of checks and balance among the institutions. In this perspective the judiciary with the constitutional powers of dispute resolution, interpretation of the laws also has the constitutional mandate to check the constitutionality of the conducts of other organs of Governments including legislation. Instructively, the judiciary and in particular the judicial officers like any human beings are not completely immune from committing crime which is common phenomenon in every human society. Consequently, notwithstanding the position the judiciary occupies in governance, they are not exonerated from criminal prosecution against any offence committed by judges against the state. It is against this background that this project examined the constitutional perspectives of the trial of judges in Nigeria for criminal offences, considering the propriety of judicial independence in line with principle of separation of powers. This article found that even though the judges are not immune from prosecution however where the offence relates of misconduct the executive lack the power to prosecute judges unless NJC has concluded its disciplinary steps. The article concluded that all discussed, relates to separation of power and need to preserve judicial independence free from unnecessary interference and further recommended the compliance with the procedure set down in the constitution and to make sure that the condition precedent manifest prior to the trial of judges or judicial officers.
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Crime of the Crime Fighters
(Department of Criminology and Security Studies, Federal University of Oye Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria, 2021-06) Monsurat Isiaka,; Abdullahi Kayode Ibrahim,; Atolagbe Toyosi Damola
The study is a perception study. It examines public perception on the involvement of EFCC in aiding and perpetrating cyber offenses, and the study seeks to; determine factors that influence the involvemen EFCC in cybercrime in Nigeria and determines whether EFCC effort in curbing cybercrime has enhanc accountability in Nigeria. Relaying on social conflict theory, the study utilizes both qualitative and quantitative research methods. For qualitative data, 36 participants (12 each from the University of llarie Kwara State Polytechnic, and Kwara State University) were purposively selected for an In-depth interview While the content analysis was used to analyzed qualitative data, frequency and percentage table were for quantitative data, and some variables were also measured through the 2Likert scale. The staty therefore, reveals that most of the EFCC officials are already diving into the same corruption they are fighting. They go after suspects threatening to arrest them except if they can 'sort (bribe) them. Some EFCC officials also dine and wine with cybercriminals because of the fear of being assassinated. Therefore, sk study recommends that any EFCC official caught aiding or involving in cybercrime should be expelled and made to face the law publicly. EFCC should emphasize periodic training and re-orientation of her staff wi their duties as prescribed by the Nigerian constitution. Officers of the EFCC should also be provided with modern technology and adequate security to discharge their duties without the fear of being assassinated
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The application of Angstrom Exponent and measures of shapes in the classifications of aerosol size distributions
(FACULTY OF SCIENCE, KANO UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, WUDIL, 2020) Aliyu, R.; Tijjani, B. I.; Gana, U. M.; Bala, S.; Sharafa, S. B.; Uba, S.; Auwalu, S.; Yerima, S. U.; Abdulkarim, U. Y.; Muhammad, A.; Idris, M.
In this work, Ansgrom exponent (a) and curvature (a2), skewness and kurtosis are used to give a clear particles size distribution. This is because some researchers reported the existence of negative curvatures for fine mode aerosols and near zero or positive curvatures are characteristic of size distributions with a dominant coarse-mode or bimodal distribution with coarse-mode aerosols having a significant relative magnitude. The aerosol types used in this work are Sahara and Urban aerosols that are extracted from Optical Properties of Aerosols and Clouds (OPAC4.0). From the results, it is discovered that a and skewness can be used to determine the main dominance particles size distributionin terms of number. The kurtosis can be used to determine the dominant particles in terms of volume. The a2 signifies whether the particle distribution is either monomodal or bimodal. It shows that when a2 is negative, it signifies monomodal distribution while when a2 is positive it signifies bimodal type of size distribution.